Task Force on Rule 0.24

Discussion Documents

Please note that the purpose of this document is to facilitate the work of the Committee and to provide a means for outreach to both library and non-library cataloging communities. This document is intended for the exclusive use of CC:DA and its cataloging constituencies, and is presented for discussion in the ongoing process of rule revision. Under no circumstances should the information here be copied or re-transmitted without prior consultation with the current Chair of CC:DA.

0.24: It is a cardinal principle of the use of part I that the description of a physical item should be based in the first instance on the chapter dealing with the class of materials to which that item belongs. For example, describe a printed monograph in microform as a microform (using the rules in Chapter 11). There will be need in many instances to consult the chapter dealing with the original form of the item, especially when constructing notes. So, using the same example, consult the chapter dealing with printed books (chapter 2) to supplement chapter 11. In short, the starting point for description is the physical form of the item in hand, not the original or any previous form in which the work has been published.

In describing serials, consult chapter 12 in conjunction with the chapter dealing with the physical form in which the serial is published. For example, in describing a serial motion picture, use both chapters 12 and 7.

Modifying the Cardinal Principle in Rule 0.24: A Brainstorming Exercise
Martha Yee

1. Simply modify the language of 0.24, leaving the rest of AACR2 intact. For example, the notion of ‘physical’ could be removed from the wording of 0.24, and the examples could be changed so that it is permissible to base the description on an original rather than a reproduction when that is possible without research into the nature of the original.

2. Reverse the order of chapters in AACR2, putting the current 1-13 after the current 21-26, so that the cataloger classifies an item in the following order:
   1. as to authorship (main entry, Chapter 21)
   2. as to work (main entry, Chapters 21 and 25)
   3. as to edition (represented by a bibliographic record; change 0.24 to a rule for when to make a new bibliographic record?)
   4. as to physical format and distributor (represented by holdings records? Include in AACR2 rules for creating holdings records attached to bibliographic records?)

3. Reorganize the current chapters 1-13 such that they are in order by the areas of the description, with a chapter on Area 1, a chapter on Area 2, etc. Within each chapter, include special rules to deal with conditions arising out of:
   1. method of distribution (seriality vs. one-time publication vs. dynamic updating vs. unpublished (manuscript?))
   2. fundamental content (text, sound, visual, audiovisual, spatial, 3-dimensional, numerical, computer program, mixed?; break sound out into printed music, and performed music? break text out into printed text and performed text?)
   3. ‘type of carrier’ or physical format, i.e. the physical medium onto which the fundamental content has been put in order to distribute it; covers both reproduction and simultaneous and subsequent release of the same intellectual content (edition) on different physical formats
   4. method of management (library vs. archival; some might argue seriality belongs here, too)
   One could argue that the above represents a facet analysis of AACR2’s chapters in an attempt to correct the cross-classification that is evident when one tries to catalog a digitized manuscript map.

   [JCA: The Joint Steering Committee has arranged for Tom Delsey of the National Library of Canada to provide a logical analysis of the principles and structures that underly AACR using a data modeling technique. Apparently, the current version of this model recommends organizing the rules in part one by areas of the description. I will be observing Tom’s report to JSC on July 1 and should be able to report more details after that.]

4. Reorganize the current chapters 1-13 such that they cover fundamental content only, with chapters on cataloging text, sound, visual, audiovisual, spatial, 3-dimensional, numerical computer program, and mixed content (?). Within each chapter, include special rules to deal with conditions arising out of:
   1. method of distribution (seriality vs. one-time publication vs. dynamic updating vs. unpublished (manuscript?))
   2. ‘type of carrier’ or physical format (microform, digital, etc.) (see above)
   3. method of management (library vs. archival; some might argue seriality belongs here, too)
   Note that the chapters of AACR2 could be radically reorganized to increase the ease of use of the rules for catalogers, and to encourage a more principled application of the rules, without affecting the resultant records in the least. They could still be ISBD-based records that look just like records created under current AACR2R rules.

• Some types of content are more likely to need supplied titles than others, notably maps, manuscripts, graphic materials, and three-dimensional artefacts and realia, although this might actually be a problem associated with the unpublished aspect of these materials as well (see below).

• Determining what the title is can require some guidance for some types of content, e.g. music and computer files.

• Some types of content need more guidance as to which statements of responsibility should be transcribed in Area 1 and which in Area 7, notably sound recordings and motion picture/videorecordings.

• Some types of content are more likely to have distributors than publishers, notably motion picture/videorecordings.

• Material (or type of publication) specific details area (Area 3):
  • 3.3 Mathematical data area (scale, projection, coordinates and equinox)
  • 5.3 Musical presentation statement area (e.g. miniature score, playing score)
  • [Archival moving image materials: Country of production area]
  • 9.3 File characteristics area (designation, no. of records, statements)

Examples of the types of rules that are driven by differences in method of distribution:

• Minimal transcription for serials and dynamically updated materials due to frequency of change in an indefinitely periodic distribution pattern

• Unpublished materials may be more likely to need supplied titles? (see above)

• Open dates for dynamically updated materials

• No publication information for unpublished materials

Examples of the types of rules that are driven by differences in ‘type of carrier’ or physical format:

• Chief source of information and prescribed source of information rules are driven by where data such as the title is most likely to be found on any given physical format/carrier. Thus, for example, the label is an important source of information for a CD or other type of sound disc, and the title screen is an important source of information for anything that has been digitized.

• Documents that have been digitized and placed on the Web may require special rules for recording publication/distribution information?

• Much of the physical description (Area 5) could be said to be focused on the physical format/carrier. The microform, CD, videorecording, etc. is described in detail in Area 5. (Note, however, that extent is a key indicator of identical content across carriers, that Area 5 can contain descriptive information true of all copies of this edition (e.g. ‘ill.’ or ‘col.’), that some aspects of physical description can apply to more than one carrier (e.g. both sound recordings and motion pictures can be ‘stereo.’), and that physical description seems to be withering away for electronic resources that are remotely accessed. In other words, this is not a clean Area in terms of function.)

Examples of the types of rules that are driven by differences in method of management:

• Archivally managed materials must be identified and described without transcription.

• Archivally managed materials must be described based on provenance rather than creation.

• Archivally managed materials contain many extra fields that allow for recording of management data on constantly growing collections of archival materials.

• Archivally managed materials need special rules to indicate the hierarchical relationships among records that describe the various levels of a hierarchically organized collection of papers, still images, etc.

• If seriality is held to be partially tied to a method of management, serials holdings and check-in are management related. So far, AACR2 has not tried to include rules that attempt to standardize the representation of serials holdings in catalogs.

• What do we mean by ‘content’? In this context, does it perhaps mean ‘edition’? Does printed music contain the same content as the same music performed on sound recording? on videorecording (when mere recording) (i.e. are these the same edition of the same work, or a different edition of the same work)? Does printed text contain the same content as when the identical text is read on sound recording? on videorecording (when mere recording)?

• What do we mean by carrier? When text is reproduced on microform, is microform the carrier? When printed music is performed on an audiocassette, is the audiocassette the carrier? When the audiocassette is released as a CD, is the CD the carrier for the audiocassette, or for the performance, or for the edition of the work contained in the printed music performed, or all of the above?

• Should AACR2 provide rules for identifying and describing holdings?

• Should AACR2 provide rules for identifying and describing holdings of the same edition of the same work in different physical formats?

• Should AACR2 provide rules for identifying and describing holdings of the same edition of the same work distributed by different distributors?

• How tightly must AACR2 conform to the ISBD’s in terms of overall organization? Note in the following table that it may not correspond really closely now. Isn’t it more important to ensure that records produced under AACR2 have the data called for by ISBD in the order called for by ISBD?

AACR2 chapter	ISBD
2. Books, pamphlets and printed sheets	ISBD(M), ISBD(A)
3. Cartographic materials	ISBD(CM)
4. Manuscripts	?
5. Music	ISBD(PM), ISBD(A)
6. Sound recordings	ISBD(NBM)
7. Motion pictures and videorecordings	ISBD(NBM)
8. Graphic materials	ISBD(NBM)
9. Computer files	ISBD(ER)
10. Three-dimensional artefacts and realia	ISBD(NBM)
11. Microforms	ISBD(NBM)
12. Serials	ISBD(S)
13. Analysis	all

APPENDIX

AACR2 chapters compared to GMD’s and SMD’s

One use of this chart is to indicate roughly what can be copied onto what; for example, text can be copied onto microfilm, but not onto a videorecording; a motion picture can be copied onto a videorecording, but not onto text. Note that a computer file can be copied onto text (on-demand printing of Web documents).

Another use is to indicate how much cross-classification exists in the AACR2 chapters. For example, you can have a digitized manuscript map. Would the GMD be [computer file], [manuscript] or [map]

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